The Indian Television Reality Programmes Kaun Banega Crorepati Media Essay

The Indian Television Reality Programmes Kaun Banega Crorepati Media EssayIn India, naturalism attests armyed by celebrities do become salient execution strategy to make the show successful, where top Indian celebrities server assorted worldly concern shows apart from endorsing several nonices. This enquiry paper has tried to follow forth the factors which equal sight choice towards different naturalism show. Later by taking one very pop Indian frankness show Kaun Banega Crorepati efforts have a bun in the oven been made to understand that among two stalwarts of Indian celluloid world Amitabh Bachchan and Shahrukh Khan who is the better soldiery of the show and wherefore? Q tier technique has been employ to understand the same. Focus group discussion containing peck from different demographic variable was conducted to understand the suit of variation in viewership of this show from 2000 to 2012.Further this enquiry ass be treated as a base for repute selecti on for soldierying a reality show or blade endorsement by producer/directors/marketers announce agency.IntroductionIndia is one country, which is liven to idolize the stars of the celluloid world.Therefore, it makes tremendous sense for a TV show/ reality show to engage a celebrity for its swarming. In India, on that point is an exponential potential for a celebrity hosted event to be perceived as very relevant and entertaining, thereby motivating viewers to come for reputeing it. The jounce of the celebrity on a viewer depends upon the likability of viewer regarding the celebrity. Some celebrities have a huge fan following thats why they ar able to attract much lot for their various(prenominal) show/s, ultimately change magnitude the viewership of that TV show/ reality show.21stcentury has witnessed the advent development of a lot of technologies. Due to the advent of technology, it becomes easier for people to take the advantage of the same. The role of television as a media is increasing day by day. These days we can see a lot of people opting for DTH, therefore, now we dont have to rely on the cable to see the programmes on television. Due to this the viewership of people has change magnitude to a greater extent.There was a conviction when people enjoyed watching religious serials, educational programmes, movies songs which provided entertainment. However, the meaning of entertainment seems to have changed and now a day reality shows have become the flavor of small screen. The small screen has been flooded with reality shows, namely X ingredient, still Dance, Little Champs, MTV Roadies,Emotional Atyachar, Ratan Ka Rishta,Comedyka maha mukabala, MTV Stunt Mania, Kaun Banega Crorepati, etc. and the list goes on. Moreover, most of the reality shows have been hosted by one celebrity or other. The basal assumption behind celebrity hosting the reality show is that the value associated with the celebrity is transferred to the brand of the r eality show and therefore helps to create an image that can be easily referred by viewer. Henceforth, by association of celebrity with the reality show can very quickly establish the credibility, get immediate recognition and alter viewership. However, there are so many another(prenominal) risks associated with such celebrity hosts. The viewership could slide down drastically just as quickly as it moved up the viewers mind due to some problem in celebrity image, career graph etc.Literature Review(Khatri, July-Dec. 2006) has opined that the celebrity endorsement does not itself guarantee sales. It can create a buzz and make a consumer feel better ab turn bug out the product, which in turn has to come to expectation of customers as a real star by delivering the promise. (Ibrahim, 2010) observed that utilize celebrity where the measurable results of such high cost strategy do not unfreeze the amount of money that companies spend on utilizing celebrities. The allocated budget for u sing celebrities needs to be reallocated in other marketing areas such as marketing investigate and marketing insights to understand customers needs in more details. (Datta, 2010) has concluded that there are piles of challenges involved in finding the right celebrity hold in with product or service. Further, he opined that for the success of celebrity endorsement right fit between celebrity and band endorsed is must. (S.K.Dube, 2011) has observed that in India now a day, the use of celebrity endorsement/advertising for companies has become a trend and a perceived as winning formula of corporate brand fairness building and products/ services marketing. The use of celebrity for brand promotion is increasing day by day but it cannot be treated as an sure strategic tool to enhance market share, demand of the product or even profit because it mainly depends upon suitability of celebrity with a product and brand as well. (Kineta Hung, 2011) from a survey involving 1,030 respondents h as found that consumer celebrity worship is a significant antecedent to endorser effects over-endorsement by a celebrity is an consequential moderator and this model is robust across field give care sports and entertainment celebrities. (Gouranga, 2011) concluded that celebrity is an weighty factor of concern to generate more positioning of interest in the minds of consumers quite than message and back cause set up at the time of recall in advertisements. So celebrity acts as an effective cistron of advertisement to make the advertisements more effective. (Jayant Sonwalkar, 2011) observed that in a country like India, celebrities act as major opinion leaders and since awareness levels are low, celebrities play a major role in brand recall. Celebrities are helpful in initiating a desired state need among people. The respondents usually consecrate attention to those advertisements using celebrity icons. The maper conducted by him also revealed that to some extent celebrities initiate an action to buy that product. (Piligrimien-, 2011) has found that the sport celebrity can be used when its possible to find a link between the product and sport, orwhen the company wants its customers to relate the product with the sport, active and healthy animation style. (Ogunsiji, 2012) has pointed out that Global brand endorsements demand a global brand management team. Thus regional and international organization is in place to produce brand leadership through proper effective celebrity endorsements. So, companies with large brand portfolios need to have separate managers for each brand and its promotion.Aim and object lens of the study In this fast changing world, viewers preferences towards reality shows are increasing and they are finding these reality shows as a grievous cite of entertainment. Most of the reality television programmes are getting good receipt due to their admirationive hosts. How much an effective a particular host is? Does the response of viewers vary due to change of celebrity host? Is the reputation of the host is matching with the personality of television programme which is being hosted by respective celebrity? This study can help the sponsors and producers of programmes to choose an appropriate host for their reality show. Further, this study can help in enhancing the viewership of reality programme.Objectives of the study1. To know the factors affecting consumer preference towards Indian reality shows2. To study the reason of variation of viewership in program Kaun Banega Crorpati between year 2000 to 20113. To study the compatibility of host personality (Amitabh Bachchan Shahrukh Khan) with respect to Kaun Banega CrorpatiNeed of the StudyReality shows has become important part and parcel of the peoples life. Presently, we can see that Indian television channels are flooded with reality shows. Now, most of the channels which want more TRP are coming up with a tender reality show. Competition in this field h as also increased manifold. So, producers of the reality shows are looking to hire super stars for hosting their shows. Producers are spending millions of rupees on hosts.Different people have different perceptions regarding the celebrity hosts. Some people might enjoy seeing a particular host in a reality show, but some people do not like that host. Every celebrity has his/her own personality. A marketer needs to know that whether the hosts personality is matching to the personality of the program he is hosting or not?This research can help the marketer to know that what kind of host would be appropriate for his show. If the marketer can make the right choice in selecting the host for his programme, he can beat the competition and can achieve higher TRP for his/her reality programme.Scope of the StudyThe scene of study is confined to Indian reality programs and data has been collected from people residing in Jalandhar and Phagwara region of Punjab. In this study, researchers have taken one of the most popular Indian reality show Kaun Banega Crorepati. This study has tried to find the factors which affect the viewers preference towards Indian reality shows. Further, researchers have tried to find the reason of variation in viewership of Kaun Banega Crorepati from 2000 to 2011.Research forge In this study, by and large descriptive research design has been followed. Researchers have tried to discover the insights that how the host personality is affecting the viewers preferences towards the Indian reality shows. Survey method with the help of structured questionnaire has been used for the data collection and the data collected has been analysed quantitatively, which also qualifies that the research design of the study is descriptive in nature. Researchers have also tried to find out the various reasons of variation in viewership for this researchers have conducted one focus group discussion to find out the aforesaid objective. So, the research design is also exploratory in nature to some extent.Sampling DesignTarget Population People residing in Jalandhar and Phagwara, who watch Indian reality show like Kaun Banega CrorepatiSampling Technique In this research, Convenience try out has been used. This is a type of Non Probabilistic sampling. As everyone dont watch reality programme like KBC, so only those people have been surveyed who watch these programmes.Sample Size and data collection In this research, Sample size of three hundred respondents from Jalandhar and Phagwara city of Punjab region has been collected. Researchers have used structured questionnaire for this purpose. In the questionnaire, five point Likert scale has been used to measure the attitude of respondents. Few dichotomous questions have also been used to understand respondents behavioral pattern.A focus group of 11 people consisting different age group and occupation was conducted to find out the reason of variation in viewership of KBC during 2000 to 2012. Seconda ry data has been collected from Internet, books, periodicals, magazines etc.Time period of Data The data is collected in between the time frame of month January 2012 to June 2012 across Phagwara city and Jalandhar city and its suburbs.Pilot testing Researchers have done pilot testing by using convenience sampling technique. A sample of 35 was taken for this purpose. A questionnaire containing Likert Scale was instrumented for this purpose. Reliability testing for the pilot survey was decent with Cronbachs Alpha 0.697. Some necessary changes as per requirement were made in the questionnaire after conducting pilot survey.Data compend Demographic variables like Gender, Age, and Occupation etc. have been used for profiling the respondents. along with it, profiling also has been done on the basis of variables like does respondent watch reality programmes on television, does respondent watch KBC etc. From literature survey, lots of variables have been found which affect the viewers prefe rence towards Indian reality shows. Factor analysis has been used to identify the important factors out of several variables. isolated from this, a Focus group has been conducted to know the reason of variation in viewership of KBC from 2000 to 2012.Brief Summary of tools used for analysis1. Descriptive Statistics For profiling of the respondents2. Factor Analysis To identify the important factors affecting viewers preference towards Indian reality Show3. Q Score To understand the host compatibility with popular show KBC4. Focus pigeonholing To understand the reason of variation in viewership of KBC from 2000 to 2012.Frequency DistributionFrequency distribution of the 300 respondents has been displayed who prefer to watch different reality shows.Chart I Frequency distribution of most preferent television reality showSource Researchers SurveyOut of 300 respondents, 127 respondents has identified Kaun Banega Crorepati as their most favourite reality show on Indian television cha nnels.Moreover, in response of another question, researchers have also found that all the 300 respondents were aware of Indian television reality show Kaun Banega Crorepati and they have watched it at least once.2. Can you tell the names of celebrities who have hosted the show?Researchers provided different options of celebrities name for this question, in which once more all the 300 respondents were able to answer this correctly. Respondents were able to identify both hosts of KBC Amitabh Bachhan and Shahrukh caravan inn.3. Who is the favourite host Amitabh Bachhan or Shahrukh khan for KBC.Chart II Frequency chart of favourite hostSource Researchers surveyResearchers have found out that out of 300 respondents 254 repondents have chosen Amitabh Bachchan as a favourite host only 46 respondents have chosen Shahrukh Khan as their favourite host.FACTOR ANALYSISFactor analysis has been performed to know which are the important factors which affect respondents preference towards watchi ng Indian reality show. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 348 respondents, after scrutiny researchers have removed 48 questionnaires due to errors in response. The data ground on Likert scale, which was meant for measuring respondents preference was entered into SPSS data sheet. Before applying Factor analysis Reliability test was performed and then data was subjected to Factor analysis by using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) method. KMO Value which orders the sample adequacy was found .816 which was highly satisfactory. Varimax rotation for orthogonal factors with Kaiser Normalization was considered to get the % of variance explained for 13 statements in the questionnaire. To find the relevant factors Eigen value of greater than 1 was considered. A table of Rotated Component Matrix has been generated with the help of SPSS and three factors were derived. Here, Factor loading above 0.50 has been considered for Factor analysis. Then, the factors have been derived based on the statements that have gone into each factor. The list of factors along with the supporting statements has been displayed in Table I.Table I KMO and Bartletts TestKaiser-Meyer-Olkin round of Sampling Adequacy..816Bartletts Test of SphericityApprox. Chi-Square1.322E3Df78Sig..000Source SPSS Output of Research StudyKaiser-Meyer-Olkin test is applied to check out the adequacy of data. Here, it has been found more than 0.816, which is more than desired value of 0.5.Table II Rotated Component MatrixComponent1231.Influence of host personality.079.070.8572.For the saki of knowledge-.034.445.6623.Just for Enjoyment.326.264.3314.Come on my favourite channel.786.190-.0945.Because of peer twine.856.208-.0326.Family Influence.816.142.1357.Perfect timings.611-.061.4678.Content of the show.054.289.6299.Match with my personality.302.529.26010.Like the way of portraying.359.099.07011.For viewers questions.271.709.15812.Challenge human capabilities.083.854.09413.Platform for communala lity people.150.730.243Source SPSS Output of Research StudyTable III Factor List steer, peer family influenceCompetition and Connect with common peopleHost KnowledgeCome on my favourite channelMatch with my personalityInfluence of host personalityBecause of peer InfluenceFor viewers questionsFor the interest of knowledgeFamily influenceChallenge human capabilitiesContent of the showPerfect timingsPlatform for common peopleSource Researchers SurveyDescription of the factorsFactor 1, refers to, Channel peer and family influence and contributes to 33.978% variance. This factor is described in terms of Favorite channel, peer influence, family influence, and perfect timing of the show telecast.Factor 2, describes the Competition and Connect with common people contributes to 14.352% variance. This factor refers to Questions for viewers, challenge human capabilities, match with my personality and platform for common people.Factor 3, focuses on Knowledge and core and it contributes to 8.865% variance. This factor includes statements like influence of the host personality, for the sake of knowledge and content of the showFocus Group discussion to find out the reason of variation in viewership of KBCTo find out the reasons in variation of the viewership of reality show KBC, focus group was conducted. In focus group, 11 people from different age group and back ground were selected. Main finding of the focus group has been summarized belowIt was observed during the discussion that, Change in the host of KBC from Amitabh Bachchan to Shahrukh Khan for Kaun Banega Crorepati has a great inverse impact on variation in viewership. During focus group participating people noted saying that Amitabh Bachchans personality matches with the personality of show.Most of the people felt that, Kaun Banega Crorpati is a kind of Quiz show where seriousness of the host, proper discipline and intellectuality of the host is required. These all qualities are possessed by Amitabh bachhan, w hich can be attributed to the success of Amitabh Bachchan as a host of KBC.A lots of other reality shows like Dus Ka Dum, Khatron Ke Khiladi etc. came on silver screen after the intial success of KBC, which also wedge the viewership of KBC. However, most of the Quiz show hosted by other super stars was similar in nature.Four participants of focus group discussion who were female observed that as KBC was coming on Sony television from 9 PM to 10 PM on week days, and a lot of family serials were also being telecasted on different television channels on same time slots. Here, these female participants felt that they preferred watching family serial rather than KBC.Five participants, who were doing jobs, found that KBC show used to come on working days and these people after coming exhausted from office looking for some light entertainment programmes, they were not arouse in watching a show where they need to apply their mind.It was also observed that most of the participants were agr eeing that voice quality, overall personality and adulthood of Amitabh bachhan was very good which was lacking in Sahrukh khan as a host of KBC, however later was observed charming and informal.Q score TechniqueApplying the Q score technique to determine the familiarity, popularity and compatibility of two stalwart (Amitabh Bachhan and Shahrukh khan) among Indian celebrities as a host of KBC based on feedback from the respondent of different demographic backgrounds will be very utile and relevant for producers and directors in identifying and selecting the appropriate celebrity as a host of their respective reality shows.Q score to help choose the right celebrity host for reality showQ Score is normally used by marketing firms to select the right celebrity for endorsing their product/ services and determining the popularity ranking of the celebrities as per the consumers response. The Q score answers the question how appealing and popular is the celebrity among those who do know him or her? Advertisers and advertising agencies can refer to Q rating score of a celebrity for choosing the right celebrity. In this process, respondents are asked to indicate two things first Whether they know (heard / seen) intimately the selected celebrities? Secondly, if respondents answer yes- then the respondents are being asked to rate the celebrities on a five point Likert scale scale that includes Favourite, Very Good, Good, Fair and Poor.Calculating Q ratings- Q rating is calculated by taking the number of respondents who indicate in questionnaire that a celebrity is FAVOURITE and that number being divided by the number of respondents who indicate that they know (heard/ seen) of that Celebrity.Here, researchers have calculated Q score to check the compatibility of host personality (Amitabh Bachchan Shahrukh Khan) with respect to Kaun Banega Crorpati.Q scores for Amitabh BachchanA= How many people know Amitabh Bachchan as a host for KBC/ Total number of respondentsHere , all 300 respondents were aware about Amitabh Bachchan as a host for KBCSo A= 300/300 = 1B= How many respondents rate Favourite/ total number of respondentsAs, 184 respondents answered favourite Amitabh Bachchan as a host for KBCSo, B=184/300Q Score = B/A= 184/300*100 = 61.3Q scores for Shahrukh KhanA= How many people know Shahrukh khan as a host for KBC/ Total number of respondentsHere all 300 respondents were aware about Shahrukh khan as a host for KBCSo A= 300/300 = 1B= How many respondents rate Favourite/ total number of respondentsAs, 70 respondents answered favourite Shahrukh khan as a host for KBCSo, B=70/300Q Score = B/A= 70/300*100 = 23.3Analysis Based on survey researchers found that Amitabh Bachchan has a Q score of 61.3 Shahrukh Khan has a Q score of 23.3. Generally Q score more than 50 is considered good. This indicates that Amitabh Bachchan is a better host for Kaun Banega Crorepati rather than Shahrukh khan.Summary of research findingsCompatibility of host personali ty with the reality show is one of the most important factor for the success of reality show. Apart from compatibility show timing, nature of show, content of the show also contributes towards success of the show.Factor analysis concluded that Channel peer and family, competition connect with common people and knowledge content are the important factors which affects viewers preference towards watching reality show.Through Focus group, it was found that as a host of KBC, overall personality and matureness of Amitabh Bachchan was very good which was lacking in Sahrukh khan as a host of KBC, however later was observed charming and informal. This is one of the main reasons of the success of Amitabh Bachhan as a KBC host.Based on focus group, researchers came to conclusion that the reasons of variation in viewership of KBC between 2000 to 2012 are timings of the show, change of host of show, coming up of new reality shows, the content of the show is same from last five seasons which has created a boredom, increase in the number of channels etc.Based on Q score analysis survey researchers found out that Amitabh Bachchan has a Q score of 61.3 Shahrukh Khan has a Q score of 23.3. This indicates that Amitabh Bachchan is more popular host for Kaun Banega Crorepati rather than Shahrukh khan as per respondents.ConclusionAfter conducting this research, it can be concluded that competition connect with common people, Channel, peer family influence and Knowledge content are three important factors which affect the viewers preferences towards Indian reality shows. Apart from the fact that KBC is being hosted by Amitabh Bachchan, reality show like KBC has become popular due to the reason that it is a platform for common people which also increases the knowledge of the audience. Researchers also concluded that the reasons of variation in viewership are primarily due to the timings of the show which was not appropriate since the show was earlier telecasted in a time slot of 9 PM-10 PM. Moreover, this time slot was also commonly used by many channels to telecast their best performing programme. People were in a habit of watching Amitabn Bchchan in the KBC as a host, but in the ternion season Shahrukh Khan came into picture and the TRP of the show fell drastically. Most of the people perceive Amitabh Bachchans personality to best match with the show and change in the host personality resulted in sharp decline in viewership.Practical ImplicationsThis research will go a long way in helping the advertising agency, directors producers of reality show who can make this research a basis in selection of the right celebrity for endorsement and celebrity as host for reality shows. Moreover, this research shall also work as a reference for further academic research in this area.Limitation of the ResearchAlthough, this research has achieved its objectives, there are some unavoidable limitations. First, due to time constraints, small sample size of 300 has bee n chosen. However, for generalizing the results, larger sample could have been better. For Factor analysis, randomly chosen respondents would have been better choice but as population of area where research has been conducted is on larger side, so listing of the population becomes cumbersome task. In addition researchers have moderated and noted the finding of focus group discussion themselves, some amount of subjectivity cannot be ruled out.Future ResearchThe scope of this research study may be further enhanced by incorporating different reality show in the research. This research can also be extended further for deciding celebrity for endorsement purpose.

The World is Flat, by Thomas Friedman

The World is Flat, by Thomas FriedmanThe World is Flat, by Thomas Friedman, chronicles the influx of a large total of new players on the orbiculate economic stage that has created a strong force that is already starting to affect Americans. Friedman believes that these looming changes have the potential to produce both positive and negative results.An example that illustrates the range of Friedmans analysis is his argument about the impact of the dot-com bubble and its eventual bust. He suggests that although the bust was bad for any(prenominal) investors, it turned out to be good in opening up spherical markets. The overcapacity which produced the bust also produced very low prices for telecommunications, thereby enabling players from littler economic regions to participate in a game usually reserved for bigger players.Friedman describes several examples of different firms in these regions that have emerged to provide technology work to American business. One example, involving an Indian firm that does basic tax-return work for an American accounting company, reflects his view that although cost advantages are important, the real significance are the war-ridden proportions and innovations made possible by this new technology. One of the most important acumens of his book is that Americans should get used to the fact that the United States provide not huge remain the strongest player on the field. From my point of view, the United States have badly needed a good dose of humility, and these global shifts Friedman identifies promise to move us that way.While many passages point toward the advent of a system of global cooperation where no one player claims dominance, many others assume a win-lose scenario, in which Americans will be dominated by the Indians and Chinese if they dont get their act together. Friedman starts one of his chapters with a brief recounting of what happened to Americas previous cosmea dominance in basketball, describing it as a gre at metaphor for what is happening in the global economy. Instead of grasping the new flatness of the global economic system, he wishes for the glory eld when the United States was still head honcho. He writes too often as if the only choice Americans have is to play and win, or to be losers. This propensity is specially self-evident in his frequent references to the determination of high-stakes competition. There is no time to rest we have to work harder the Europeans are delinquent because they value having more holidays. Friedman writes as though this is not an option, but there are choices, or there ought to be. If the current system diminishes many of those choices, perhaps we should change the system.Globalization is about efficiency. provided as Friedman admits, theres more to it than that. He considers the stresses and downsides in globalization in the chapter titled The Great Sorting Out, but he still seems reluctant to seriously look for the consequences. Friedman seems unwilling to acknowledge that the system is significantly affected by global political structures or the absence thereof. For example, he mentions the need for the United States to develop an energy-independence policy, specially to cope with the expected huge increases in the demand for energy by China and India. But most of this discussion occurs in a chapter on how to jump off American science and technology education so we can stay competitive.Friedman does a pretty good job of acknowledging globalizations impact on workers. He recognizes that the world is not yet really flat yet because there are still millions of people who are not able to compete in the global market. But he is still reluctant to point at structural problems. Friedman offers an evaluation of how the non-democratic political structures of the Middle East do not include some(prenominal) of the population who live there from the benefits of expansion and improvement.I should think that we need more than hope The United States needs to develop public policies that have global reach, that make certain that at least the key players are at the global dining table can cooperatively address some of the well-known problems. If the price of these policies produces a loss of efficiency, we should have an honest debate about this trade-off, rather than assuming that efficiency always wins.

Rewards and Challenges of a Career in Nursing

Rewards and Challenges of a C arr in nursingRewards and challenges of a occupational group in nursingNursing is often portrayed as a glamorous trading and a wish weller that many aspire to pursue. Like any other profession, a flight in nursing has rewards and challenges. Nurses have the opportunity every daylight to consume a difference in peoples lives, to connect on a personal train with another human being, and to be part of a profession that has stood the test of clipping throughout the ages. Nursing is watercoursely facing a crisis of a paucity of trained nurses. Hospitals and medical facilities must address the issues of nurse retention and increasing channel satisfaction in couch to overcome this crisis.Many professions claim to make a difference in peoples lives. However, there is no guarantee what extent that difference will be. The opportunity to truly make a difference in someones life is one of the many rewards of nursing. A typical day of a nurse is filled w ith long hours of physical, mental, and emotional work. The role of a nurse varies from providing wellness education to healthy individuals to caring for sick or hurt individuals to caring for clients at the end of their lives. A nurse must constantly be at the top of their game intellectually, ready to meet the challenges of client tending and make life and death decisions in a split second. This is not an easy job and can leave one exhausted and drained at the end of the day. One nurse stated, It feels great to go home so tired only knowing youve made a true difference in someone elses life (Nursings top, 2000, p. 42). Through long hours of hard work, nurses are able to go home at the end of the day knowing that their caring touch and compassionate service truly impacted the clients with whom they interacted.Nursing is a hands-on profession, and the powerfulness to relate to and connect with another human being on a personal, intimate level is rewarding. It is a sign of trust and respect from the clients being perplexityd for. Clients are vulnerable and often in situations that are uncomfortable and awkward. In order to provide quality client care, nurses must interact and connect with their clients on a personal level and show they truly care for their well-being. According to Riley (2008), caring is essential for an effective nurse-client relationship and guides the way for developing a level of anticipate and trust between the nurse and client. Nurses show they care not only by tending to physical needs but by spending time with the client and pickings time to understand their needs and the wishes and desires of the client and their family. For many nurses this human connection (Nursings top, 2000, p. 42) is the main reason they have chosen a career in nursing.From Florence Nightingale to the battlefield nurses of World War II, the profession of nursing has stood the test of time and will continue to do so as long as there is pain and suffering in t he world. This everlasting nature of the service nurses provide is rewarding to those who continue the legacy of providing compassionate care and nurturing through pain and suffering (Nursings top, 2000). There is no end in sight for the need of additional nurses. Zurmehlys research (2008) projects a 29% annex in the demand for nurses between 2000 and 2020. As the population continues to grow and the number of senior adults continues to rise, so does the need for more nurses (Buerhaus, Staiger, Auerbach, 2003). The profession of nursing has changed throughout the age to meet the needs of the culture and the increasing demand for new nurses continues to carve out the legacy of the future of nursing.In any rewarding career, there are also challenges to overcome. Nursing is no exception. The 21st century is facing a nursing crisis that is not new to the profession a dearth of qualified nurses. The menstruation nursing shortage has roots in the late 1990s (Buerhaus et al., 2003). M uch research has been directed at identifying the cause of the nursing shortage and how to fix the problem. As the general population continues to age, so does the population of nurses. In 2002, it was estimated that nearly one-third of working(a) nurses were over the age of 50 (Atencio, Cohen, Gorenberg, 2003). This trend continues today and is a major(ip) contributor to the nursing shortage as more nurses are retiring and fewer nurses are entering the workforce. Factors such as job-related stress, physical demands, administrative responsibilities taking away from client care, high nurse-to-client ratios, insufficient monetary compensation, and lack of continuing education are making it harder to keep and retain qualified nurses (Albaugh, 2003).In order to maintain the highest level of client care, addressing the shortage of qualified nursing personnel must be a priority. Retention of nurses is key in reducing the current shortage. With the rise in median age of nurses over recen t years, hospitals are challenged to dumbfound ways to keep older, more experienced nurses and ways to attract and inscribe new, younger nurses. Physical demands of the job are often to blame for nurses choosing to leave the profession. Facilities must make changes to decrease the physical demands placed on the nursing staff. Tampa universal Hospital implemented a program in 2002 that created a lift team. These specially trained personnel were on-call specifically for the purpose of lifting and moving clients. This initiative decreased the physical demands on the nursing staff and allowed them more time to provide quality care to their clients (Runy, 2006). Inadequate compensation also affects retention of nurses. Nurses want to be compensated appropriately for the work they perform and also to receive incentives to remain, including monetary recognition, retirement and benefit packages, and longevity compensation (Zurmehly, 2008). A hospital in Texas has try to retain veteran n urses by offering longevity bonuses bi-weekly beginning after 10 years of service (Runy, 2006). Nurses, particularly older nurses and working parents, often find themselves trying to juggle work and home responsibilities. Runy (2006) describes how flexible and creative scheduling allows nurses to work around their schedule and maintain some balance between career and personal activities, which leads to improved job satisfaction and retention.Job satisfaction plays a role in the nursing shortage crisis. Dissatisfied nurses are leaving the client care setting or are choosing to leave the profession altogether. The solution to increasing job satisfaction, which is directly related to increased retention, can be complete by improving work conditions for nurses (Atencio et al., 2003). On-the-job stress leads to physical problems and decreased work performance. Clients today are older, sicker, and have multiple medical problems compared to in the past. These changes direct significantly to work-related stress. Nurses often feel that they must constantly rush from one task to the next due to unrealistic workloads and high nurse-to-client ratios (Riley, 2008). Hospitals must address the concerns of working conditions and implement change to develop places nurses want to work. The best place to start in addressing working conditions is with nurses. Nurses are on the front lines day in and day out and are the experts on working conditions and what must be done to improve them. Nurses want to work in places that enable them to provide quality care to clients and want to have a say in the processes that directly affect their job (Runy, 2006). Job satisfaction is increased as nurses receive training in multiple disciplines. With clients presenting with multiple comorbidities and diagnoses, it is essential that nurses have the knowledge and the skills to provide care to these clients. Continuing education should be available and all nurses should be encouraged to nobble new skills and keep up-to-date with current trends and changes in technology and medical care. Finally, job satisfaction among nurses increases when they work in an environment where they feel part of a team, validated, and receive real-time feedback relating to the care they provide. Management involvement in the day-to-day work environment builds unity and motivates the nursing staff and is an essential component of job satisfaction and retention (Albaugh, 2003).Although nursing is demanding, physically challenging, and requires a lot of hard work, nurses are rewarded by making a difference in the lives of their clients, developing believe relationships with other people through connecting and caring, and being part of a professional legacy that has stood the test of time. The profession is in the midst of a crisis due to the shortage of qualified nurses. To overcome this crisis, medical facilities must address the issues of nurse retention and job satisfaction in order to provid e quality client care and continue the legacy of nursing that was set in motion so many years ago.

Bullying in Schools Essay -- Bullying Essays

IntroductionBullying has been a part of schooling for as long as children have been congregating. To some it seems like a natural, though uncomfortable, part of life and school experience, while to others it can mean terrifying experiences which spoiled and characterized otherwise happy years in school. Dan Olweus, a pi angiotensin converting enzymeer in bully behavior research documented that 2.7 million children are affected as victims, and that 2.1 children act as bullies (Fried, 1997, as cited in Aluedse, 2006). With bullying cited as the creator for violent, gun-related crime in the past few years, school districts as well as national governments have put anti-bullying policies in place. Bullying is a composite phenomenon, involving more than one child demanding lunch money from a smaller child. It is a worldwide epidemic hitting schools everywhere. Virtually everyone has seen or experience bullying. With scientific advances, bullying is even hitting the internet. Parents, t eachers, students and governments agencies alike are attempting to put a stop to bullying practices.I chose to write about bullying because I experienced it first hand while working in Japan. As an English teacher at Tomobe Junior High School in Kasama, Japan, I witnessed how one twelve year old boy routinely abused not only his schoolmates, but physically assaulted teachers as well. At times when all students were seated, he walked around the classroom and picked on the other students I saw how the classroom teacher glanced at him then turned his head so he would not bear witness and need to act. I saw how this boy verbally bullied his classmates by yelling and making comments in a hostile, insolent tone I saw how he would often get physical and smack, shove, push an... ..., K., & Coie, J. (1987). amicable-information-processing factors in reactive and proactiveaggression in childrens peer groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53,1146-1158.Fried, S. (1997). Bullie s and victims Children abusing children. American Journal of DanceTherapy, 19, 127-133.Olweus, D. (1984). Aggressors and their victims Bullying at school. In N. Fmde & H. Gault(Eds.), Disruptive behavior in schools. New York Wiley.Smith, P., & Sharp, S. (1994). School bullying Insights and perspectives. London Routledge.Roland E., & Munthe E. (1997). The 1996 Norwegian class for preventing and managing bullying in schools. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 18, 233247.Ross, D. M. (1996). Childhood bullying and teasing What school personnel, otherprofessionals, and parents can do. Virginia American Counseling Association.

Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

One night, Gatsby waylays snick and nervously asks him if he would like to take a swim in his pool when come off demurs, he offers him a trip to Coney Island. come off, initi altogethery baffled by Gatsbys solicitousness, realizes that he is anxiously waiting for Nick to arrange his meeting with Daisy. Nick agrees to do so. Gatsby, almost wild with joy, responds by offering him a job, a "confidential sort of thing," and assures Nick that he will not have to work with Meyer Wolfsheim. Nick is somewhat insulted that Gatsby wishes to reimburse him for his help, and so declines Gatsbys offer. It rains on the day that Gatsby and Daisy are to meet, and Gatsby becomes extremely apprehensive. The meeting takes place at Nicks house and, initially, their conversation is stilted and awkward. They are all inexplicably embarrassed when Gatsby clumsily knocks over a clock, Nick tells him that hes behaving like a little boy. Nick leaves the couple alone for a few minutes when he returns , they seem luminously happy, as though they have just concluded an embrace. There are tears of happiness on Daisys cheeks. They make their way over to Gatsbys mansion, of which Gatsby reward to give them a carefully rehearsed tour. Gatsby shows Daisy newspaper clippings detailing his exploits. She is overwhelmed by them, and by the opulence of his possessions when he shows her his vast collection of imported shirts, she begins to weep tears of joy. Nick wonders whether Gatsby is disappointed with Daisy it seems that he has made of her a goddess, and though Daisy herself is alluring she cannot possibly bide up to so grandiose an ideal. Gatsby has Ewing Klipspringer, a mysterious man who seems to live at his mansion, play "Aint We Got Fun" (a popular song of the time) for himself and Daisy In the morning, in the eveningAint we got funGot no money, but oh, honeyAint we got fun As Klipspringer plays, Gatsby and Daisy retrace closer and closer together Nick, realizing that his presence has become superfluous, quietly leaves. AnalysisThe exchange between Nick and Gatsby that opens this chapter highlights the uncertainty at the heart of their relationship is Gatsbys companionship with Nick merely expedient that is, is he merely using him to draw closer to Daisy or is he genuinely fond of him? The question cannot be perfectly decided while it becomes clear that Gatsby has great affection for Nick, it is also true that he uses his money and power as leverage in all of his individual(prenominal) relationships.

The Crusades Essay -- history

The CrusadesThough the take a craps of the crusades can easily be distinguished the one cause can not be effectively since there is always something that will contradict it. The crusades took place because of the rivalry as well as the clash of cultures betwixt the Catholic Church and the Muslims, they both wanted power, the crusaders wanted more than land, and more wealth and both parties wanted to be closer to the Armageddon. It can easily be determined that there was a rivalry between the Catholics and the Muslims. Reading the view of each other in the 11 century shows that they really didnt get in concert well. There are many reasons for this understatement. First their religions were essentially the same thing, though the Muslim point of view stated that Mohammed was the chosen one. Even though messiah was a man of God the Muslim point of view didnt accept him as the chosen one. The Christians point of view was that of the opposite they dont even believe that Mohammed had th e playscript of God and that it was Christ, the true saviour. First hand documents of the Muslims and the Catholics have very biased points of view and are very hard to understand what really happened. The Muslims claimed to be healers with the more accurate way of living with practising science and maths, their view of the Christians was people who live to far north the cold shrinks their brains resulting in poor eating habits needs as well as a lack of intelligence causing ignorance and stupidity. The Christ...

The Physics of Baseball :: Sport Baseball Physics

Swinging the Bat for PowerMany people might count that swinging the bat straight through the ball would be enough to hit the ball a decent distance glum the bat. on that points many more than mechanics involved in the swinging process. Muscle has only a small part to play in the swinging a bat for power. There are devil types of mechanics involved while swinging a bat, Linear and Rotational. Rotational mechanics are the dominant source of power in the swing. Out of the rotational mechanics come the two forces that help generate the speed and power of the swing, torque and the other comes from the energy of rotation. Speed from the energy of rotation comes from the path that your hands act on as you swing the bat. The speed generated by the circular rotation from your hands is like a ball at the kibosh of a string, as long as your hands are moving in a circle then the ball continues to accelerate in a circle. So the bat will also move in at an increasing speed as long as your hands are quest a circular path as you swing. Any foward movement of the hands or body in a straight line wont add to the overall bat speed.Torque is another key ingredient to a good power hitter, or even a good hitter. Torque is the result of two forces being applied to an object in opposite directions. In this case the two forces are being applied from the hands and wrists onto the bat. As you start your swing, kinda of moving your hands directly at the ball, you want your hands to start a rotation. The top hand begins to move backwards while the lead artillery drives the end of the bat towards the ball. The torque invloved is created around the point of the bat that lies between your hands. This torque greatly accelerates the head of the bat which will have act with a greater force when (or if ) it comes into contact with the ball. A good batter will use almost all of these rotational and torque energies either before or durning contact with the ball. After contact your body is relaxed and its remaining motion is smooth, this extra motion is caused by the momentum of the bat pulling the arms up and through.Your follow through is also very important, even though the ball has already been hit it is ideal that you complete your swing so that youre not thrown off balance by that extra momentum when you start to run.